compute-variance

3.0.0 • Public • Published

Variance

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Computes the variance.

The population variance (biased sample variance) is defined as

Equation for the population (biased sample) variance.

and the unbiased sample variance is defined as

Equation for the unbiased sample variance.

where x_0, x_1,...,x_{N-1} are individual data values and N is the total number of values in the data set.

Installation

$ npm install compute-variance

For use in the browser, use browserify.

Usage

var variance = require( 'compute-variance' );

variance( x[, opts] )

Computes the variance. x may be either an array, typed array, or matrix.

var data, s2;
 
data = [ 2, 4, 5, 3, 4, 3, 1, 5, 6, 9 ];
s2 = variance( data );
// returns 5.067
 
data = new Int8Array( data );
s2 = variance( data );
// returns 5.067

For non-numeric arrays, provide an accessor function for accessing numeric array values.

var data = [
    {'x':2},
    {'x':4},
    {'x':5},
    {'x':3},
    {'x':4},
    {'x':3},
    {'x':1},
    {'x':5},
    {'x':6},
    {'x':9}
];
 
function getValue( d ) {
    return d.x;
}
 
var s2 = variance( data, {
    'accessor': getValue
});
// returns 5.067

By default, the function calculates the unbiased sample variance. To calculate the population variance (or a biased sample variance), set the bias option to true.

var data = [ 2, 4, 5, 3, 4, 3, 1, 5, 6, 9 ];
 
var sigma2 = variance( data, {
    'bias': true
});
// returns 4.56

If provided a matrix, the function accepts the following additional options:

  • dim: dimension along which to compute the variance. Default: 2 (along the columns).
  • dtype: output matrix data type. Default: float64.

By default, the function computes the variance along the columns (dim=2).

var matrix = require( 'dstructs-matrix' ),
    data,
    mat,
    s2,
    i;
 
data = new Int8Array( 25 );
for ( i = 0; i < data.length; i++ ) {
    data[ i ] = i;
}
mat = matrix( data, [5,5], 'int8' );
/*
    [  0  1  2  3  4
       5  6  7  8  9
      10 11 12 13 14
      15 16 17 18 19
      20 21 22 23 24 ]
*/
 
s2 = variance( mat );
/*
    [  2.5
       2.5
       2.5
       2.5
       2.5 ]
*/

To compute the variance along the rows, set the dim option to 1.

s2 = variance( mat, {
    'dim': 1
});
/*
    [ 62.5, 62.5, 62.5, 62.5, 62.5 ]
*/

By default, the output matrix data type is float64. To specify a different output data type, set the dtype option.

s2 = variance( mat, {
    'dim': 1,
    'dtype': 'uint8'
});
/*
    [ 62.5, 62.5, 62.5, 62.5, 62.5 ]
*/
 
var dtype = s2.dtype;
// returns 'uint8'

If provided a matrix having either dimension equal to 1, the function treats the matrix as a typed array and returns a numeric value.

data = [ 2, 4, 5, 3, 4, 3, 1, 5, 6, 9  ];
 
// Row vector:
mat = matrix( new Int8Array( data ), [1,10], 'int8' );
s2 = variance( mat );
// returns 5.067
 
// Column vector:
mat = matrix( new Int8Array( data ), [10,1], 'int8' );
s2 = variance( mat );
// returns 5.067

If provided an empty array, typed array, or matrix, the function returns null.

s2 = variance( [] );
// returns null
 
s2 = variance( new Int8Array( [] ) );
// returns null
 
s2 = variance( matrix( [0,0] ) );
// returns null
 
s2 = variance( matrix( [0,10] ) );
// returns null
 
s2 = variance( matrix( [10,0] ) );
// returns null

Examples

var matrix = require( 'dstructs-matrix' ),
    variance = require( 'compute-variance' );
 
var data,
    mat,
    s2,
    i;
 
// Plain arrays...
var data = new Array( 100 );
for ( var i = 0; i < data.length; i++ ) {
    data[ i ] = Math.round( Math.random() * 10 + 1 );
}
s2 = variance( data );
 
// Object arrays (accessors)...
function getValue( d ) {
    return d.x;
}
for ( i = 0; i < data.length; i++ ) {
    data[ i ] = {
        'x': data[ i ]
    };
}
s2 = variance( data, {
    'accessor': getValue
});
 
// Typed arrays...
data = new Int32Array( 100 );
for ( i = 0; i < data.length; i++ ) {
    data[ i ] = Math.round( Math.random() * 10 + 1 );
}
s2 = variance( data );
 
// Matrices (along rows)...
mat = matrix( data, [10,10], 'int32' );
s2 = variance( mat, {
    'dim': 1
});
 
// Matrices (along columns)...
s2 = variance( mat, {
    'dim': 2
});
 
// Matrices (custom output data type)...
s2 = variance( mat, {
    'dtype': 'uint8'
});

To run the example code from the top-level application directory,

$ node ./examples/index.js

Tests

Unit

Unit tests use the Mocha test framework with Chai assertions. To run the tests, execute the following command in the top-level application directory:

$ make test

All new feature development should have corresponding unit tests to validate correct functionality.

Test Coverage

This repository uses Istanbul as its code coverage tool. To generate a test coverage report, execute the following command in the top-level application directory:

$ make test-cov

Istanbul creates a ./reports/coverage directory. To access an HTML version of the report,

$ make view-cov

License

MIT license.

Copyright

Copyright © 2014-2015. The Compute.io Authors.

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Version

3.0.0

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