A better fetch API. Works on node, browser, and workers.
Install:
# npm
npm i ofetch
# yarn
yarn add ofetch
Import:
// ESM / Typescript
import { ofetch } from "ofetch";
// CommonJS
const { ofetch } = require("ofetch");
We use conditional exports to detect Node.js
and automatically use unjs/node-fetch-native. If globalThis.fetch
is available, will be used instead. To leverage Node.js 17.5.0 experimental native fetch API use --experimental-fetch
flag.
By setting the FETCH_KEEP_ALIVE
environment variable to true
, an HTTP/HTTPS agent will be registered that keeps sockets around even when there are no outstanding requests, so they can be used for future requests without having to re-establish a TCP connection.
Note: This option can potentially introduce memory leaks. Please check node-fetch/node-fetch#1325.
ofetch
will smartly parse JSON and native values using destr, falling back to the text if it fails to parse.
const { users } = await ofetch("/api/users");
For binary content types, ofetch
will instead return a Blob
object.
You can optionally provide a different parser than destr
, or specify blob
, arrayBuffer
, or text
to force parsing the body with the respective FetchResponse
method.
// Use JSON.parse
await ofetch("/movie?lang=en", { parseResponse: JSON.parse });
// Return text as is
await ofetch("/movie?lang=en", { parseResponse: (txt) => txt });
// Get the blob version of the response
await ofetch("/api/generate-image", { responseType: "blob" });
If an object or a class with a .toJSON()
method is passed to the body
option, ofetch
automatically stringifies it.
ofetch
utilizes JSON.stringify()
to convert the passed object. Classes without a .toJSON()
method have to be converted into a string value in advance before being passed to the body
option.
For PUT
, PATCH
, and POST
request methods, when a string or object body is set, ofetch
adds the default content-type: "application/json"
and accept: "application/json"
headers (which you can always override).
Additionally, ofetch
supports binary responses with Buffer
, ReadableStream
, Stream
, and compatible body types. ofetch will automatically set the duplex: "half"
option for streaming support!
Example:
const { users } = await ofetch("/api/users", {
method: "POST",
body: { some: "json" },
});
ofetch
Automatically throws errors when response.ok
is false
with a friendly error message and compact stack (hiding internals).
A parsed error body is available with error.data
. You may also use FetchError
type.
await ofetch("https://google.com/404");
// FetchError: [GET] "https://google/404": 404 Not Found
// at async main (/project/playground.ts:4:3)
To catch error response:
await ofetch("/url").catch((err) => err.data);
To bypass status error catching you can set ignoreResponseError
option:
await ofetch("/url", { ignoreResponseError: true });
ofetch
Automatically retries the request if an error happens and if the response status code is included in retryStatusCodes
list:
Retry status codes:
-
408
- Request Timeout -
409
- Conflict -
425
- Too Early -
429
- Too Many Requests -
500
- Internal Server Error -
502
- Bad Gateway -
503
- Service Unavailable -
504
- Gateway Timeout
You can specify the amount of retry and delay between them using retry
and retryDelay
options and also pass a custom array of codes using retryStatusCodes
option.
The default for retry
is 1
retry, except for POST
, PUT
, PATCH
, and DELETE
methods where ofetch
does not retry by default to avoid introducing side effects. If you set a custom value for retry
it will always retry for all requests.
The default for retryDelay
is 0
ms.
await ofetch("http://google.com/404", {
retry: 3,
retryDelay: 500, // ms
});
You can specify timeout
in milliseconds to automatically abort a request after a timeout (default is disabled).
await ofetch("http://google.com/404", {
timeout: 3000, // Timeout after 3 seconds
});
The response can be type assisted:
const article = await ofetch<Article>(`/api/article/${id}`);
// Auto complete working with article.id
By using baseURL
option, ofetch
prepends it for trailing/leading slashes and query search params for baseURL using ufo:
await ofetch("/config", { baseURL });
By using query
option (or params
as alias), ofetch
adds query search params to the URL by preserving the query in the request itself using ufo:
await ofetch("/movie?lang=en", { query: { id: 123 } });
Providing async interceptors to hook into lifecycle events of ofetch
call is possible.
You might want to use ofetch.create
to set shared interceptors.
onRequest
is called as soon as ofetch
is called, allowing you to modify options or do simple logging.
await ofetch("/api", {
async onRequest({ request, options }) {
// Log request
console.log("[fetch request]", request, options);
// Add `?t=1640125211170` to query search params
options.query = options.query || {};
options.query.t = new Date();
},
});
onRequestError
will be called when the fetch request fails.
await ofetch("/api", {
async onRequestError({ request, options, error }) {
// Log error
console.log("[fetch request error]", request, error);
},
});
onResponse
will be called after fetch
call and parsing body.
await ofetch("/api", {
async onResponse({ request, response, options }) {
// Log response
console.log("[fetch response]", request, response.status, response.body);
},
});
onResponseError
is the same as onResponse
but will be called when fetch happens but response.ok
is not true
.
await ofetch("/api", {
async onResponseError({ request, response, options }) {
// Log error
console.log(
"[fetch response error]",
request,
response.status,
response.body
);
},
});
This utility is useful if you need to use common options across several fetch calls.
Note: Defaults will be cloned at one level and inherited. Be careful about nested options like headers
.
const apiFetch = ofetch.create({ baseURL: "/api" });
apiFetch("/test"); // Same as ofetch('/test', { baseURL: '/api' })
By using headers
option, ofetch
adds extra headers in addition to the request default headers:
await ofetch("/movies", {
headers: {
Accept: "application/json",
"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
},
});
If you need use HTTP(S) Agent, can add agent
option with https-proxy-agent
(for Node.js only):
import { HttpsProxyAgent } from "https-proxy-agent";
await ofetch("/api", {
agent: new HttpsProxyAgent("http://example.com"),
});
If you need to access raw response (for headers, etc), can use ofetch.raw
:
const response = await ofetch.raw("/sushi");
// response._data
// response.headers
// ...
As a shortcut, you can use ofetch.native
that provides native fetch
API
const json = await ofetch.native("/sushi").then((r) => r.json());
- All targets are exported with Module and CommonJS format and named exports
- No export is transpiled for the sake of modern syntax
- You probably need to transpile
ofetch
,destr
, andufo
packages with Babel for ES5 support
- You probably need to transpile
- You need to polyfill
fetch
global for supporting legacy browsers like using unfetch
Why export is called ofetch
instead of fetch
?
Using the same name of fetch
can be confusing since API is different but still, it is a fetch so using the closest possible alternative. You can, however, import { fetch }
from ofetch
which is auto-polyfill for Node.js and using native otherwise.
Why not have default export?
Default exports are always risky to be mixed with CommonJS exports.
This also guarantees we can introduce more utils without breaking the package and also encourage using ofetch
name.
Why not transpiled?
By transpiling libraries, we push the web backward with legacy code which is unneeded for most of the users.
If you need to support legacy users, you can optionally transpile the library in your build pipeline.
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